Why Visit
Apart from the sandy beaches, there are rocky coastlines, mountain ranges alternating with fertile plains, lush vegetation and abundantly flowing streams.
The capital of the island, Hóra (which means “main village”) is home to famous Greek captains and ship owners, and there is a remarkable combination of medieval, neoclassical and island style evident in its houses. Flights of stairs, a spacious square with trees, narrow streets, remarkable churches and museums, shops, cafes and restaurants play their part in the beauty of the place. To top that beauty off, there is a Frankish castle on an islet connected to the main island with an arched stone bridge of the 13th century.
History
Prehistoric period
The rich history of Andros can be traced back to antiquity where the island was known as Gavros. It was also called Hydroussa, Epagris and Lasia, based on poetic designations referring to the abundant waters and rich vegetation of the Island. Archaeological excavations and the finding of remains of developed settlements have proved that the island was inhabited during the Mycenaean times or even earlier. Its earliest inhabitants are supposed to have been Carians, Pelasgians, Phoenicians, Cretans, while in 1000 BC, Andros got colonized by the Ionians.
During the Geometric period (9th-7th centuries BC), the island became historically recognised. Traces of aGeometric settlement have been found in the village of Zagora, at the south-western side of the island. A considerable part of the old town has been unearthed as well as private dwellings, a sanctuary, a temple, a fortification wall that have a gate built with similar techniques to those used on the Lion gate in Mycenae.
The second half of the 8th century BC was the period of the island's greatest prosperity. During the 7th century BC, Andros participated with the Halkideans to the colonization of Halkidiki as well as the coastal areas of Trace Northern Greece. Up to the 6th century BC, Andros became an independent city-state belonging to the ancient Amphictyony of Delos. The god of wine and festivities, Dionysus, was worshiped as patron of the island. The inhabitants spoke the Ionian dialect.
Ancient times
During the Classical times, the capital of Andros was Paleopolis, whose prosperity is proved by the discovery of 60 silver and bronze coins of the Andriot state as well as by the sunken remains of an ancient agora (market) and the remains of the western part of the wall surrounding the capital. During the Persian Wars, Andros went under Persian domination until the naval Battle of Salamis (480 BC). Then it fell under Athenian domination, paying taxes and forced to send men to fight in the Peloponnesian War. After the war, Andros stayed under the dominance of Sparta, the winner of the war, and was liberated by the Athenians in 393 BC. Later on the island participated and distinguished itself in the battle of Chaeroneia, in 338 BC.
After the battle of Chaeroneia, the island of Andros came under the rule of Philip the Macedonian and afterwards under his son's rule, Alexander the Great. Andros stayed under Macedonian domination until 315 BC. The successors of Alexander the Great were hostile one to another and could not come to a fair separation of the lands, which leaded to a successive conquest of the island by some Egyptian and Macedonian kings. The situation resulted in important changes in the political system, cults and customs. Andros followed the same fate as the other Aegean islands and continental Greece, consecutively falling under Roman, Venetian and Ottoman domination.
Byzantine times
Andros fell under the Roman rule in 129 BC. Pirates and civil wars between Roman governors made the inhabitants of Andros suffer from poverty, while they were badly maltreated. With the years of Emperor Hadrian, their fate became a little better. In the early Byzantine times, the island became property of a Byzantine drungarius (military rank) of the Aegean Sea. Many Byzantine churches and monasteries have been preserved since that period.
Venetian times
Constantinople fell to the Crusaders in 1204 AD and Andros came under the rule of Marino Dandolo, a direct emissary from Venice. Three years later, Dandolo recognised the sovereignty of the duke of Naxos, Marco Sanudo. Later, the Sanudo family took the power and the rule of the island until 1384, when Petro Zeno was brought as the ruler of Andros by Francesco Crispo. This new leader was the most effective one, bringing security, financial and demographic strength to the island.
In the middle of the 15th century, the Somaripa family of Paros took the island, but the inhabitants chased them because of the great oppression they exercised on the island. They created a provisional government which came directly under Turkish rule in 1579. The Venetians leaders laid the foundations of feudalism on the island, which influenced the society of Andros for a long time. They built mansions and castles, such as Faneromeni Castle, and at this time, the basis for the prosperity in the area was the silkworm trade.
Ottoman occupation
The inhabitants of Andros had more privileges than other islands. The Turkish authorities were forbidden of treating badly the islanders or of forcing them to convert to Islam. Some taxes were abolished and property titles or contracts were recognised by the rulers. The inhabitants could wear their local costumes, follow their religion and preserve their churches and monasteries. Of course, the head tax and other taxes as well as some violations of the privileges still existed, but the occupation of the locals with trade brought much income to the Ottoman Empire. At the church of Agia Triada, in Korthi, a school was founded in 1813 by the monk Samuel Plasimis, a little before the Greek War of Independence.
Recent years
Before the Greek Revolution of 1821, 37 Andriots were members of the Society of Friends, a secret society working against the Ottoman rule and from which most members were coming from the Greek islands. Theofilos Kairis proclaimed officially the War of Independence on the 10th of May 1821, raising the flag of the Revolution in the church of Agios Georgios in Chora. The period following the Revolution was also when Andros entered in a great economic prosperity by its superiority in shipping. Its inhabitants were living in great prosperity and wealth.
During 1923 and 1930, Andros was only second to Piraeus regarding ship registration, and the second port of Greece. But World War II caused great losses in human lives and ships, as well as the period of the Italian and the German occupation, during which Hora was bombed and some of the most beautiful mansions of Andros were destroyed. Mass migration was a characteristic of the modern times in Andros.
In the 19th century, a lot of the inhabitants moved to cosmopolitan centres, like Constantinople, Smyrna, Alexandria, and developing centres, like Piraeus and Ermoupolis, in Syros. In the early 20th century, the migration wave was directed towards the US and Canada.After the war, the population of Andros rapidly abandoned the island, headed to the capital for higher studies and jobs in new sectors. The history of Andros can be traced back in the neolithic period.
Museums - Archeological
Andros is the second largest island in the Cyclades, after Naxos with dense vegetation, running waters and endless rural areas. Paleopolis identifies with the ancient identity of Andros located in the steep slopes that overlook the bay. The ancient settlement flourished during the Roman and early Byzantine period, findings of which are now kept in the archeological museum of Andros.
The Archeological Museum of Andros lies in Chora, in Kari square. It was established on the initiative of Goulandris Foundation in a beautiful building that was founded in 1981. The museum owns a collection of fascinating finds from the geometric era, the ancient town of Paleopolis and other regions of the island that were brought to light during the excavations. The most important artwork found in the museum is the statue of Hermes, made by Praxiteles.
In the heart of the town lies the Museum of Modern Art. It exists since 1979 and hosts a fine collection of works of renowned Greek artists such as Tsarouchis, Nikolaidis and others. In 1986, a new section was added to the museum that enriched the existing exhibition, including also a library and a projection room. The museum organizes art exhibitions and other cultural events during the summer period.
Andros was the Aegean maritime centre in the 19th century, a period that has left several traces which are now stored in the Maritime Museum of Andros which was founded in 1972 at the centre of the island. Its collection includes nautical items, shipping documents, models of old vessels and other exhibits that bear witness to the strong connection of the locals with the sea.
Kydonieos Institute is located in the capital of Andros, along Kari Street. It was established in 1994 and over the years it has become the cultural centre of Andros being the main host of several art exhibitions, concerts and other cultural events. The old renovated house of Theofilos kairis,one of the leaders of the Greek revolution in 1821 is open to the public displaying a great photo archive and thousands of books from his private collection.
Beaches
Achla, Chrissi Ammos, Agios Petros, Batsi Beach, Agios Sostis, Chora Beach, Fellos, Gialia, Halkolimionas, Kaminaki, Kourtali, Megali Peza, Mikri Peza, Near Chora, Ormos beach, Piso Gialia, Pisolimionas, Pyrgos, Vitali, Vlychada, Zorkos, Kypri
Religious Monasteries and Churches
Andros is home to numerous Byzantine churches and monasteries. Their beautiful architecture, large size and impressive mosaics witness its great development during the 11th and 12th century. Zoodochos Pigis is the largest monastery in Andros located in Batsi village, west of the island's capital. Well-protected by strong walls, almost like a fortress, the monastery offers an amazing view and is open to the public.
Above the main port rises the whitewashed church of Panagia Theoskepasti, the saint protector of the island. The chapel of Panagia Thalassini is regarded as the symbol of Andros, built on top of a rock. The Monastery of Papachrantos is one of the oldest monasteries in Andros with beautiful architecture. Equally noticeable are the well-preserved monasteries of Agios Nikolaos and Panagia Tromarchiani.
